How can chronic use of NSAIDs affect the gastrointestinal system?

Chronic use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is well-documented to have detrimental effects on the gastrointestinal system, particularly leading to gastric ulcers and bleeding. NSAIDs inhibit the production of prostaglandins, which are compounds that help protect the gastric mucosa by promoting mucus production and maintaining blood flow to the stomach lining. When prostaglandin production is reduced due to the long-term use of NSAIDs, the stomach becomes more vulnerable to damage from gastric acid, resulting in inflammation, ulceration, and potential bleeding.

This mechanism explains why gastric ulcers, which are open sores on the stomach lining, and gastrointestinal bleeding are common complications associated with chronic NSAID usage. Therefore, recognizing the serious gastrointestinal risks associated with NSAIDs is crucial for individuals who require long-term pain management, as alternative medications or protective agents may be necessary to mitigate these risks.