How should Tina be counseled regarding alcohol consumption?

Tina should be counseled to limit alcohol intake because excessive consumption can lead to relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), which can cause or exacerbate acid reflux and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The relaxation of this sphincter can allow stomach acids to flow back into the esophagus, leading to symptoms such as heartburn, discomfort, and potential damage to the esophageal lining over time.

Encouraging moderation in alcohol consumption aligns with recommendations for maintaining gastrointestinal health. While complete avoidance might be advised in certain cases, moderation is often a more realistic and sustainable approach for individuals without contraindications or severe symptoms. Therefore, advising Tina to limit her alcohol intake is essential for promoting her digestive health and minimizing the risk of gastrointestinal issues.