What effect does alcohol have on the lower esophageal sphincter?

Alcohol consumption can lead to the relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). This is significant because the LES is a crucial muscle that acts as a valve between the esophagus and the stomach, preventing the backflow of stomach contents, including acid. When alcohol is consumed, it can decrease the tone and pressure of the LES, leading to a higher likelihood of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or symptoms such as heartburn.

The relaxation of the sphincter allows content from the stomach to escape back into the esophagus, contributing to discomfort and other gastrointestinal issues. Understanding this effect is important for managing conditions related to reflux and for advising patients on lifestyle choices that may exacerbate their symptoms.